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Review Question :
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6. What hardware capability that first appeared in the IBM 704 computer strongly affected the evolution of programming languages? Explain why.
- Its capabilities prompted the development of Fortran because it was able to support floating-point operations hardware.
7. In what year was the Fortran design project begun?
- May 1954
8. What was the primary application area of computers at the time Fortran was designed?
- Mathematics
9. What was the source of all of the control flow statements of Fortran I?
- They were based on 704 instructions
10. What was the most significant feature added to Fortran I to get Fortran II?
- Independent-compilation capability
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Problem Solving :
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6. Make an educated guess as to the most common syntax error in LISP
programs.
- Undefined escape sequences in literal strings. The backslash character can be used in literal strings and characters :
- to escape various characters
- to introduce an escape sequence representing a character
7. LISP began as a pure functional language but gradually acquired more
and more imperative features. Why?
- Because there is always many new idea for the uses and so on begin to develop the language.
8. Describe in detail the three most important reasons, in your opinion,
why ALGOL 60 did not become a very widely used language.
- First, it is an interpreter type of language and focused on ease of use at the expense of system resources.
- Second, the running-time of a program that was written with the help of Speedcoding was usually ten to twenty times that of machine code
- Excessive flexibility hurt ALGOL60 since languages that are difficult to learn were not as well received as languages with a more rigid structure.
9. Why, in your opinion, did COBOL allow long identifiers when Fortran
and ALGOL did not?
- COBOL is more of a reporting language than Fortran. Since Fortran handles calculations much better, there is not a real need for long identifiers. As a reporting language, COBOL uses long identifiers in tagging the source to the reports it is writing. Also, COBOL is the closest language to a fully, self documenting language, that it gets, and long identifiers provides one more case for it.
10. Outline the major motivation of IBM in developing PL/I.
- The main motivation for the development of PL/I was to provide a single tool for computer centers that must support both scientific and commercial applications. IBM believed that the needs of the two classes of applications were merging, at least to some degree. They felt that the simplest solution for a provider of systems, both hardware and software, was to furnish a single hardware system running a single programming language that served both scientific and commercial applications
-Dedi Sutomo-
-1801376582-
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